国内外不孕不育患者健康相关生命质量量表的系统综述与评价研究

背景 健康相关生命质量（HRQoL）是用于评价临床疗效的重要指标。目前，不孕不育患者HRQoL量表得到了广泛应用，但尚不确定这些量表应用于临床时是否具有良好的测量性能，缺乏对量表的质量评价。 目的 系统综述与评价不孕不育患者HRQoL量表，为合理选择健康结果测量工具提供参考。 方法 于2020年10月，计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、the Cochrane Library、EmBase、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库，获取国内外公开发表的有关不孕不育患者HRQoL的研究，检索时限均为建库至2020-10-05。由两名研究者独立筛选文献和提取资料后，采用健康测量工具遴选标准（COSMIN）对不孕不育患者HRQoL特异性量表开发研究的方法学质量，以及量表的测量性能进行评价，采用描述分析法对评价结果进行汇总、分析。 结果 共纳入229篇文献，涉及19个不孕不育患者HRQoL量表，其中4个为不孕不育患者HRQoL特异性量表〔TLMK、生育生活质量量表（FertiQoL）、QOLICQ及中医肝郁型不孕症生命质量量表〕，4个为用于测评癌症及其他疾病患者HRQoL的特异性量表，11个为普适性HRQoL量表，FertiQoL量表在现有不孕不育患者HRQoL相关研究中被使用的频次最高〔39.1%（91/233）〕。PROMs开发方面，除FertiQoL量表开发的总体质量为"有问题的"外，其余3个量表开发的总体质量均为"不合格"。内容效度方面，FertiQoL、QOLICQ量表开发研究的方法学质量分别为"非常好""有问题的"，TLMK、中医肝郁型不孕症生命质量量表开发研究的方法学质量均为"合格"。结构效度方面，除QOLICQ量表开发研究方法学质量为"有问题的"外，其余3个量表开发研究的方法学质量为"合格"；4个量表的结构效度均为"不确定"。内部一致性方面，4个量表开发研究的方法学质量均为"非常好"，4个量表的内部一致性均为"足够"。重测信度方面，QOLICQ量表开发研究的方法学质量为"有问题的"，量表的重测信度为"不确定"。效标效度方面，中医肝郁型不孕症生命质量量表开发研究的方法学质量为"非常好"，量表的效标效度为"足够"。建构效度方面，TLMK量表开发研究的方法学质量为"非常好"，量表的建构效度为"足够"。反应度/灵敏度方面，FertiQoL量表开发研究的方法学质量为"非常好"，量表的反应度/灵敏度为"足够"。 结论 现存的不孕不育患者HRQoL特异性量表中，FertiQoL量表开发研究的方法学质量及量表的测量性能相对较高。中国不孕不育患者HRQoL特异性量表研究数量相对不足，未来应开展更多的研究。     

Feasibility of a method for low contrast CT image quality assessment using difference detail curves for abdominal scans

This work describes a measurement method for assessing dose-related image-quality of CT scans based on the difference detail curve (DDC) method, and showcases its use in a low contrast setting. The method is based on a phantom consisting of elliptical slices of different sizes into which contrast object modules can be inserted. These modules contain contrast objects based on (synthetic) resin mixtures with sucrose (native) or sodium iodine (contrast medium). Mixing ratios are provided to achieve a range of clinically relevant CT-numbers with these materials. The phantom is characterized in terms of contrast accuracy, energy dependency and long-term drift with satisfying results. Contrast accuracy and energy dependency are similar to that of water or soft tissue. Image quality of 655 scans of the phantom acquired at 30 different clinical institutions and with 16 different CT scanner models from 4 manufacturers was assessed by calculating a difference detail curve (DDC) from evaluation of up to 5 human observers using a custom-made software (RadiVates) described in this work. Based on these measurements, inter-observer variability was quantified using a bootstrap method and was shown to be a large contributor to the overall variability. This work demonstrates that assessment of CT image quality is feasible with the aforementioned phantom and DDC method.     

益气强心合并穴位艾灸治疗心力衰竭的临床观察

目的探讨益气强心合并穴位艾灸治疗心力衰竭的临床效果。方法选取2017年1月～2018年12月我院收治的心力衰竭患者60例,按照随机化原则分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。对照组给予常规西药治疗,观察组给予益气强心合并穴位艾灸治疗,比较两组患者心功能疗效、中医证候积分、左室射血分数(LVEF)和生活质量。结果观察组患者心功能疗效总有效率为93.33%(28/30),明显高于对照组的73.33%(22/30),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组中医证候积分、LVEF、生活质量明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用益气强心配合穴位艾灸治疗心力衰竭临床效果确切,可改善患者心功能,提高生活质量,减少住院次数,降低死亡率,值得在临床中推广应用。     

Trends in Cervical Cancer Mortality in Brazilian Women who are Screened and Not Screened

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the trend in cervical cancer (ICD C53) mortality in Brazilian regions in women who are who are screened and not screened from 1996 to 2015. Methods: An epidemiological study, of time series of mortality from cervical cancer performed in 90,856 women under 24 years old (343 women), between 25 and 64 years old (32,703 women), and over 65 years old (10,909 women). The data from this research were collected from the DATASUS, from the SIM Health Surveillance Secretariat files, captured through TABNET selecting the resident population by gender and age group and ICD 10 C53 from 1996 to 2015. Results: Among women, 43.8% were white, and 76% had less than eight years of formal education. Polynomial regression showed an increasing trend in cervical cancer mortality in Brazil for women aged 15 - 24 years (p=0.01). Between 25 - 64 and 65 years or older it remained constant, but high (p=0.07; 0.99). The Northeast region pointed a growing trend in women aged 15 to 24 (p=0.01), 25 to 64 years (p=0.01) and 65 or older (p=0.001). The Northeast presented the highest average growth per year. In the Southeast, South and Midwest regions, decreasing trends were observed despite the high rates. The Joinpoint regression showed a 95% confidence interval, and that mortality from cervical cancer in the North region increased throughout the period analyzed. an increasing trend was observed from 1996 to 1998, whereas in the Midwest region, the trend remained stable throughout the period analyzed. The Federal District presented an upward trend from 1996 to 2015. In Brazil, an upward trend was observed throughout the whole period analyzed. Conclusions: Cervical cancer mortality in younger women is becoming more predominant, in addition to the high rate observed for women aged 65 or older.     

放射治疗记录与验证系统质量控制指南

放疗记录与验证系统(RVS)是一套用于防止医用电子加速器等放疗设备治疗参数设置错误,并且记录所有放疗阶段执行参数的医用计算机软件控制系统。为确保患者的治疗安全,必须对记录与验证系统采取必要的质量控制措施。本指南内容涉及:RVS安装和参数设定过程中的质量控制;RVS的验收测试;RVS在临床使用过程中的持续质量控制;使用RVS过程中的典型错误类型;执行RVS验收测试的具体测试例。     

Comparing the efficacy of integrative body-mind-spirit intervention with cognitive behavioral therapy in patient-caregiver parallel groups for lung cancer patients using a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Purposes/objectives: This paper reports the comparative efficacies of integrative body-mind-spirit intervention (I-BMS) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in patient-caregiver parallel groups for Chinese patients with lung cancer.

Design: Randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Methods: One hundred and fifty-seven patient-caregiver dyads with no marked functional impairment were randomized into one of the two interventions with eight weekly patient-caregiver parallel groups. Assessments were conducted at baseline, within one, eight- and sixteen-weeks post-intervention. Effects of treatment group across time were analyzed by multilevel modeling.

Findings: CBT led to greater reduction in emotional vulnerability than I-BMS. I-BMS resulted in greater increase in overall QoL and spiritual self-care, and more reduction in depression than CBT. Patients in both interventions experienced improvement in physical, emotional and spiritual, except social, domains of QoL.

Conclusion: I-BMS was more efficacious for diverse domains of QoL, and CBT was more effective for emotional well-being, despite the relatively small between-group effect sizes.

Implications for psychosocial providers/policy: (1) With the expanding repertoire of psychosocial interventions for families facing lung cancer, it has become imperative to investigate the comparative efficacies of empirically supported and culturally adapted interventions. (2) Our findings show that I-BMS was more effective for diverse domains of QoL, while CBT was more efficacious with emotional well-being, although both interventions led to significant improvements in physical, emotional and spiritual domains of patient QoL. (3) Patient-caregiver parallel groups have been shown to be effective for enhancing QoL of Chinese lung cancer patients. (4) Care professionals are encouraged to dispense interventions based on the idiosyncratic needs and preferences of the patients to maximize the treatment effects.     

Using time series analysis to forecast the health-related quality of life of post-menopausal women with non-metastatic ER+ breast cancer: A tutorial and case study

BackgroundTime series models are widely used forecasting techniques in health care for long time series and are typically built in commercial statistical packages. However, for short time series data, such as health-related quality of life (HRQoL), guidance on how to select and use appropriate time series models is lacking. This tutorial provides a step-by-step guide adopting a time series analysis framework for HRQoL forecasting.ObjectiveWe walk through a case study examining the forecasting of the effects of adjuvant endocrine therapy on the HRQoL of post-menopausal women with non-metastatic ER + breast cancer using data from the HRQoL sub-protocol of the Tamoxifen arm of the Arimidex, tamoxifen, alone or in combination (ATAC) trial.MethodsThe forecasting of HRQoL consists of four steps: 1) data extraction and accuracy check, 2) forecasting horizon definition and identification of data pattern, 3) forecasting model identification and fitting using five forecasting approaches appropriate for short time series ((i) double exponential smoothing, (ii) double moving average, (iii) fuzzy forecasting, (iv) grey forecasting, and (v) Volterra series), 4) forecasting model selection. A user-friendly visual basic for applications (VBA) Excel add-in is made available to interested users to facilitate the application of the tutorial.ResultsThe Grey method and Volterra series appeared to be good candidates to forecast the effects of adjuvant endocrine therapy on the HRQoL of post-menopausal women with non-metastatic ER + breast cancer enrolled in the ATAC trial.ConclusionIt is feasible to forecast the effects of treatments on HRQOL even when the time series is short.     

The Importance of Quality Perioperative Patient Education

Surgical patients, both inpatient and outpatient, need perioperative education in order to know how to prepare for surgery and what they can expect in the days following their surgical procedure. Quality perioperative patient education not only improves postoperative patient outcomes, but contributes as well to high patient satisfaction scores, which are currently tied to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) reimbursements. This paper will demonstrate the importance of patient education and describe some perioperative Internet-based resources.